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Is such a concept relevant to anyone aside from, broadly speaking, socialists & communists?
How can anything of permanence not succumb to an establishment mentality?
Must the old revolutionaries be usurped by another generation of revolutionaries, if they indeed are so susceptible?
Revolutions are permanent, unless they are not. Are they? Yes. No they aren't. But perhaps they are? Yes. No. Yes?
Maybe?
Kant would agree with you.
Over time, society evolves.
Nothing is permanent. As can be observed in most things; social orders grow old, unnecessary, and are inevitably replaced. Everything is in constant flux.
A revolution is a means to change the established order when it no longer works whether it'd be peaceful or violent. It is a broad term that doesn't automatically mean that it is socialist or communist. Those are only ideologies, like a number of different ones, that justify the cause of revolting against the status quo. Implying that all revolutions, no matter the cause, are all socialist and communist ones only shows that you're stuck in the bad old days of the Cold War.
There is no such thing as a permanent revolution as a revolution is said and done when the cause is crushed by the current order, is successful in overthrowing it, or the cause behind it is lost. After that it becomes the new order. Eventually the new established order will be either adapted or overthrown like the previous one.
Those that say that the revolution is always happening, say the USSR for example, are using the broad meaning of the word as a tool to subjugate and keep the masses in line while furthering their own goals.