The Technology Items contain a wide Range.
Weapons:
Guns - Weapons for specified Directions
Turret Guns - Weapons for 360° Turns or Dorsal Fire
Torpedos - Slow and Strong Warheads
Heavy Torpedos - Name tells it all
Missiles - Fast Warheads with less Damage but effective against Fighters
Mines - Diverse kind of Mines, Anti-Missile Mines or Shieldbreakers
Countermeassures - Way of fending of Missiles and Torpedos,
Possible Forms: Gun, Mine, Countermeassure, Missile
Disruptors - Mostly Weapons with high Damage on Shields or Hull, slow Refire rate
Self Destruction Device - Don't let your ship fall in Enemies Hands, take them with you.
Capital Turrets - For Battleships and Cruisers
Upgrades:
Thruster - Range from Slow ones to "Cruise Speed like" Thrusters
Power Booster - Give your Ship additional Power Ressources
Shield Capacitor - Give your Ship additional Shield Strength
Shield Power Cell - Give your Ship additional Shield Regeneration
Damage Reflector - If the Shield fails, the Dmg. Reflector absorbs most Energy of the weapons
damaging your ship
Energy Missile Def. Shield - If the Shield fails, the Dmg. Reflector absorbs most Energy of Torpedos
damaging your ship
Hull Integrity Booster - Make your Shiphull more resistent against Radiation
System Components:
Power Generators - More strong Weapons force you you upgrade, or you run out of juice
Scanners - From Emergency Scanner till Deep Scanners is everything available
Tractor Beams - They got Differences in Speed, Strenght and Range
Weight Reduction - Remove unnescessary Components to make your Ship faster and more agile
Armor Plating - Boost your Hullstrenght with additional Armorstrenght
Other Technologies:
Propeller - Makes your Airplane fly while on Planet Earth
Cloaking Device - Is Installed on a small Contigent of Ships.
Makes your Ship invisible, visual and for Radar.